Sunday, 25 October 2020

DRILLING OILFIELD JOBS FROM OIL& GAS JOB SEARCH | 08-25 OCT

Oil Drilling Jobs From Oil & Gas Job Search

First Don't forget to subscribe with your e-mail to get our updated educational articles & job vacancies. We have gathered all jobs related to Oil Drilling Companies & Services that was published on the last week (08-25 Oct).

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Required Positions:

Drilling Engineer
Wellsite Engineer
Fluids & Cement Supervisor
Senior Directional driller
Drilling Superintendent
Drilling supervisor
Senior Reservoir Engineer
Senior Exploration Geologist
Sr. Exploration Geophysicist
Construction Manager - Energy
Wireline Supervisor
Safety Engineer
Engine Test Lab Prep Technician
ES&H Marine Works Specialist
PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT ADVISOR
COATING INSPECTOR (PS-2)
SR. HVAC ENGINEER
Geotechnical Engineer
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Chief Fire Officer
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Pipeline Operator
LAB TECHNICIAN I
Subsea Construction Coordinator
Operation Geologist- Ahmadi, Kuwait
SR. SUPPORT SUPERVISOR (DIVEBOATS)
SR. INSTRUMENT ENGR (REF.-1/2 & CONDENS)
Automotive Machine Shop Technician
Projects HSE and QA/QC Manager
HSSEQ Manager
Engine Machine Shop Technician
SR. CONTRACTS ENGINEER
OFFSHORE SUPPORT ENGINEER
ELECTRICAL ENGINEER
PR SPECIALIST
DIVISIONAL FIRE OFFICER (HALUL)
HEAD, WELL SERVICES & WELL INTEGRITY
SR. ADVISOR (FIRE PROTECTION & RESPONSE)
SALES OPERATIONS OFFICER (CRUDE OIL)
COATING INSPECTOR (PS-2)
SR. WELL INTEGRITY ENGINEER
WIRELINE SUPERVISOR
SHE Supervisor
Personnel Logistics Lead

Posted Free Vacancies From 08-25 Oct

MUD LOGGING UNIT EQUIPMENT P3 | FORMATION GAS DETERMINATION

Formation Gas Determination

mud-logging-equipment-formation-gas-evaluation

This article is one of 5 important articles about Mud logging unit equipment. These articles explain in details the equipment used in standard mud logging units.

Surface logging is performed by using the returning mud stream as a medium of communication with the bottom of the borehole. There is a general relationship between the kind and amount of hydrocarbons in the drilling fluid arriving at the surface, and the hydrocarbons in the formation as it was drilled, with that portion of mud passing across the bottom.

The gases, if present, will be released from the cuttings into the mud stream and entrained, probably in solution, in the drilling fluid. At the surface, it is necessary to remove and detect these hydrocarbons. To do this, the following equipment is used:

A gas trap which continuously samples the drilling fluid and simultaneously removes gases from the fluid
Equipment to transport and regulate the air-gas mixture from the trap to the detector in the logging unit
Gas detector and chromatograph which process the air-gas mixture into concentration and compositional gas readings

Mud Logging Equipment Fig.1: Gas Detection Flow Chart

The Gas Trap

To meet the unique requirements of surface logging, the gas trap must perform the following important functions:

extract gases contained in the drilling fluid, independent of such variables as density, viscosity, and gel strength of the mud
sample consistently, regardless of the flowrate through the circulating system

The gas trap consists of a steel box or cylinder that sits in the mud ditch (as near to the flowline exit as possible, but before the shakers) and allows the drilling fluid to continuously pass through it by means of a hole in its base. An agitator motor sits on top of the gas trap and has a propeller shaft extending into the mud. The propeller continually agitates the drilling fluid as it passes through the trap. A continuous flow of air enters through a vent in the top of the trap and is whipped through the mud where the maximum mud surface is exposed. It is this air-gas mixture that is subsequently drawn into the logging unit.

Mud Logging Equipment Fig.2- Gas Trap

The Vacuum System

After the gases are removed from the drilling fluid, they are transported to the gas detector in the logging unit. This is accomplished using a vacuum pump which is connected to the trap by a length of hose. Through this hose, the pump pulls a continuous measured stream of sample gas through the vent in the trap. Formation gases, if present, are continuously extracted from the drilling fluid in the gas trap, and are mixed with air and carried into the logging unit via a condensate bottle, where water vapor is extracted. The flow of air, or air-gas mixture, passes through additional flow-regulation equipment, plumbing, and instruments and arrives at the detector where a continuous gas reading is obtained.

Mud Logging Equipment Fig.3 - Vacuum System

The Gas Detection System

1. Catalytic (Hot wire) Gas Detector

This instrument functions using the principle of catalysis (i.e., the catalytic oxidation of gases on a filament in the presence of air). It is an application of the Wheatstone bridge measuring circui t, in which a resistance (the detector filament), will vary according to the concentration of gas, and is compared to a fixed standard (the reference filament). The reference filament is coated with an inert compound to seal the surface from the atmosphere, and the imbalance is measured. When a voltage is applied across the entire bridge, both filaments are heated sufficiently to oxidize all gaseous hydrocarbons.

Mud Logging Equipment Schematic Diagram of a Catalytic Gas Detector

Mud Logging Equipment Fig.4 Schematic Diagram of a Catalytic Gas Detector

Before the gas detector is placed in operation, it is calibrated using air as a standard. A valve (zero adjust) is opened to admit fresh air to the system, which places both filaments in a like atmosphere (the gas concentration is zero). By adjusting the “Zero” potentiometer, the gas meter, which is a sensitive milliammeter, is adjusted to read zero. Electrically, the gas detector is then said to be “in balance”. The Zero Adjust valve is then closed, allowing the filaments to be exposed to whatever atmosphere is being created in the gas trap.

As long as no gas is being liberated from the mud, the filaments remain in an atmosphere of air and the detector reads zero. However, as soon as any gas from the mud becomes mixed with the air being drawn through the detector, the filaments are surrounded by this atmosphere. Having free access to the detector filament, the mixture oxidizes. The oxidation creates heat; the detector filament temperature is increased (increasing resistance); the electrical balance is upset; and current flows through the milliammeter. The greater the gas content present, the greater the electrical imbalance and the resultant gas reading will increase.

To qualify the gas reading, a known concentration of combustible gas, usually methane at 1% by volume in air, is passed over the filament, and the gas reading is adjusted to reflect the concentration. Older style gas detectors may display gas concentration in “units”. Unfortunately, various surface logging companies use different definitions of what concentrates a “unit”. Traditionally, EXLOG/INTEQ has used 50 units to equal 1%. In addition, the FEL log heading should explain what calibration gas is being used to determine the gas unit.

Because of the varying values of the term “unit”, it is common to report gas readings on the FEL in terms of percent methane-inair, or parts per million (ppm), in order that well to well comparisons can be made of gas readings.

In the catalytic system, if the gas concentration becomes greater than 2 percent, the mixture must be diluted so that the readings remain “on-scale”. This is accomplished by introducing dilution air into the air-gas mixture. This dilution air is controlled volumetrically by flowmeters. When the volume of air-gas mixture is reduced by one-half, the scale of the milliammeter (and the recorder) is effectively doubled and the gas reading shown must be multiplied by two.

2. Flame Ionization Detector (F.I.D.)

This system uses a continuous sample fed into a regulated, constant temperature, hydrogen flame. The flame is situated in a high potential (300 volt) atmosphere between two electrodes. As combustion occurs, the gas ionizes into charged hydrocarbon residues and free electrons. A predictably constant ratio of these charged particles moves immediately to the positive electrode (anode), inducing a current at that probe. The amount of current induced is proportional to the total ion charge produced in the flame and increases as the percentage of hydrocarbons in the sample increases. The ion charge becomes a measure of the total number of carbon-hydrogen bonds present in the air-gas mixture.

The FID detector meter displays the percentage of methaneequivalent (C1) hydrocarbons present in the gas sample. It is calibrated to read 1.00 when a 1% methane calibration gas burns in the FID. When burning a ditch sample containing heavier hydrocarbons (those with a greater number of carbon-hydrogen bonds in the molecular structure than in methane), the meter displays a reading reflecting the proportionately greater number of carbon-hydrogen bonds.

For example, when burning a 1% concentration of pentane (C5), the meter reads 5.00; when burning a 2% pentane or a 10% equivalent methane mixture, the meter reads 10.00 (2% pentane = 2 x 5 =10 carbon-hydrogen bonds; 10% methane = 10 x 1 = 10 carbon-hydrogen bonds). Each of these readings indicates that the relative concentration of combustible hydrocarbons is 10 times greater than that in the calibration gas.

Mud Logging Equipment Fig.5 The F.I.D. Gas Detector Chamber

3. Cuttings Gas Analyzer

This detector is used to check the amount of combustible hydrocarbons in the drilling mud and drill cuttings. It differs from the ditch gas analyzer in that it is a batch system. Samples of the drilling fluid and cuttings are collected and checked periodically (always during any ditch gas shows). These samples (approximately 200 cc, but always a consistent amount) are placed in a blender jar and agitated for a standard length of time. The resultant air-gas mixture is drawn into the gas detector.

The gas combustion, air dilution, millammeters, voltmeters and flowmeters are all identical to (and are employed in the same manner) as those in the catalytic ditch gas analyzer. However, since this is a batch system, no recorder is used and the gas readings are read directly from the milliammeters as gas units/ percent.

On prospective gas wells, the blender gas results are used as a check on the ditch gas analyzing system. On prospective oil wells and wildcat wells, the cuttings gas is extremely important as it may form the basis for further evaluation as an indicator of reservoir porosity and permeability.

Tuesday, 20 October 2020

RIGZONE DRILLING OILFIELD JOBS | 12-18 OCT

RigZone Drilling Jobs

In this article, we have gathered to you all jobs posted last week on rigzone.com which is related to drilling oilfield. Just follow these steps to search for your job title. But first please don't forget To subscribe to drillingmanual.com:

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Available Jobs Vacancies In this article:

Drilling Supervisor
Rig Manager Rig Mechanic
Offshore Toolpusher
Toolpusher
Driller
Mud Engineer / Drilling Fluids
Floorhand / Roughneck
Mechanic Rig Mechanic
Field Service Tech MWD / LWD
Oiler Ships Engineer
Electrical Technician Field Service Tech Mud Engineer
Machinist
Field Specialist General
Geologist
Directional Driller
Field Service Tech Maintenance Technician Well Servicing & Testing
Directional Driller Field Engineer III
Forklift Operator

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