In this article, we will highlight the basic equipment and techniques that are used at the well site by the mud logging unit to provide the basic surface logging services. Formation Evaluation Log The surface mud logging unit is not complex in principle, does not interfere with the drilling process, and the results are available …
Figure A is a schematic flow diagram of cement-slurry preparation that indicates the steps performed at the central storage location and at the wellsite. Each function in the flow diagram also represents a major piece of equipment. Some functions may be combined into a multipurpose “cementing unit.” For economic reasons, a cementing unit as one …
This is a minimal checklist to be made at the well site to ensure the equipment is correct, not damaged in shipment, and that all necessary tools have been received at the well site. You are making the final check. Do not assume all things are correct. Make all checks physically possible to ensure the …
All current cementing pumps are of the reciprocating type, mostly with three plungers (triplex) and springloaded suction and discharge valves Figure 1. The transformation of the rotating motion of the input shaft into the reciprocating motion of the plungers is generally accomplished either by a system of a crankshaft and connecting rods or by a …
Scratching devices as casing scratchers are external devices designed to remove immobile mud from the wellbore and mud cake from the wellbore wall (Fig. 1). These devices are categorized by how aggressive they are. Casing Scratchers Types The basic springloaded bristle scratcher is more aggressive than the cable scratcher (also known as a wellbore wiper). …
Cementing head is a manifold system that is installed on the top of the casing which allows the cement slurry to be pumped from the cement unit down any of the types of casing string. The cement head is also used for releasing the top and bottom cement plugs. A “cement head” is screwed into …
Drilling muds are designed to facilitate drilling operations and provide proper cuttings transport. They are not necessarily conducive to efficient mud displacement, logging, or completion operations. Therefore, it is often necessary to condition the mud (i.e., to modify mud properties). Before placing cement (Cementing in drilling) in the wellbore, two mud characteristics can be changed—density …
Inflatable service tools have been used in the oil and gas industry for more than 50 years to perform a variety of remedial workovers. Inflatable well packers, bridge plugs, and cement retainer is used in open holes, cased holes, slotted casing liners, and gravel-pack screens in oil and gas wells, but they should be used …
Foamed cement is a coarse dispersion of a base cement slurry, a gas (usually nitrogen), a foaming surfactant, and other materials to provide foam stability. Foamed cement is generally less expensive than systems containing glass microspheres or cenospheres (Edmondson and Benge, 1983); however, special equipment is required at the well site to inject nitrogen or …
Cementing plugs are semirigid barriers that separate cement slurry from drilling fluids, wipe the casing, and indicate when cement placement is complete. Plugs were once made of gunnysacks, wood, and leather. Present designs include top and bottom wiper cementing plugs constructed of nitrile or polyurethane molded over PDC drillable high-density plastic cores (Fig. 1). The …