OilField Drilling Bits Complete Guide For Rig Crew

The purpose of the Oilfield Drilling Bits Article is to introduce the reader to the selection and operation of drilling bits. Included in the article are discussions of

1. Various bit types available.
2. Criteria for selecting the best bit for a given situation.
3. Standard methods/or evaluating dull bits,
4. Factors affecting drilling speed
5. Optimization of bit weight and rotary speed.

The process of drilling a hole in the ground requires the use of oilfield drilling bits. Indeed, the bit is the most basic tool used by the drilling engineer. and the selection of the best bit and bit operating conditions is one of the most basic problems that he faces. An extremely large variety of bits are manufactured for different situations en­ countered during rotary drilling operations. It is impor­tant for the drilling engineer to learn the fundamentals of bit design so he can understand fully the differences among the various bits available,3

The decision of selecting an oilfield drilling bit for a well is important as it has an impact on the total well cost (check also drilling cost per foot). There are many factors that shall be considered as:

• bit cost
• expected parameters (Le., turbines, rotary drilling, air operations)
• formation types and properties
• mud systems
• rig cost

The emerging technology for bit design adds additional significance when evaluating these parameters. Drilling optimization can be viewed in three distinct phases:

1. Selecting the proper bit for the drilling conditions.
2. Monitoring the drilling conditions on the prospect well so drilling performance is at least equal to or above the average in the particular area.
3. Implementing a bit weight-rotary speed program from theoretical calculations that will improve drilling performance above the best wells in the area.

Types of Oilfield drilling Bits Used on Rig

Rotary drilling bits usually are classified according to their design as either drag bits or rolling cutter bits. All drag bits consist of fixed cutter blades that are integral with the body of the bit and rotate as a unit with the drill string (check also drill string components). The use of this type of drilling bits dates back to the in­troduction of the rotary drilling process in the 19th cen­tury. Rolling cutter bits have two or more cones contain­ ing the cutting elements, which rotate about the axis of the cone as the bit is rotated at the bottom of the hole. A two-cone rolling cutter bit was introduced in 1909.

Please check our guide to Types of drilling bits in oilfield rigs to get more information.

Roller Cone Drilling Bits

The Roller cone drill bit is widely used in drilling oilfields. But to start to choose what you need, you must understand the following topics:

1. Roller Cone Bit Design:
   1. Roller Cone Bit Bearing Assembly.
   2. Roller Drill Bit Cone Geometry Offset & Journal Angle
2. IADC Roller Cone Drill Bit Classification
3. TRI Cone Running Procedures
4. Bit Performance

Fixed Cutter Bits

Fixed cutter drilling bits has proven itself in the oilfield as it had a long life but under certain conditions. We have provided for you the following topics to completely understand what is Fixed Cutter Bits:

1. PDC Bits :
   1. PDC Bit Body Design
   2. PDC Cutter Geometry
2. IADC PDC Bit Classification
3. PDC Running Procedures
4. PDC Bit Drilling & Operating Parameters
5. PDC Bit Performance

BIT DULL GRADING

Dull bit grading is a standard method to grade the bit and it will also help personnel to understand bit performance better. However, it is sometimes very difficult to understand the meaning of the codes showing in the grading because you’ve never seen these dull characteristics before. Especially, there are new people who start to work in the oilfield therefore it is very critical to have them learn the correct way to do the bit grading in a short period of time.

In the IADC Bit Dull Grading article, we took care of explaining how to perform the dull grading and you can also download IADC Bit Dull Grading Handbook.

Drill Off Test

The drill-off test for any oilfield drilling bits is a method of determining optimum weight on bit and overall bit performance. A given amount of weight is put on the bit and the draw works brake is tied off so that no more weight is applied to the bit as it drills. The time it takes for the bit to stop drilling ahead with the given amount of weight is measured. Different weights are applied and the times are compared to determine which amount is best.

In drill of test procedures article, we will discuss the passive and active types and how you could perform both of them.

Factors Affecting Oilfield drilling bit penetration rates

The penetration rate that can be achieved by a bit has an inverse effect on the drilling cost per foot. The main factors that affect penetration rate are

• bit type
• formation properties
• drilling fluid properties
• bit weight and rotary speed
• bit hydraulics